Soybean Development and Productivity in Response to Organic Management above the Northern Boundary of Soybean Distribution in Europe

Climate change, new varieties, better technological abilities, and increased demand for local resources provide significant reasons to introduce soybeans in northern regions, above the typical soybean distribution area Europe. This research examined effects of two delayed sowing times, wide 25 cm 50 row spacings, seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, interaction all these factors on development productivity an organic farming system. Length vegetation varied from 142 161 days at latitude 55° N. Yield 673 3154 kg ha?1 response management factors. In dry 2015 year, combination later dates 50-cm spacing significantly (p < 0.01) number pods per plant by 28%, aboveground biomass yield 36% plant?1. wet 2016, components reached their highest values 16.8 g biomass, 19.9 plant?1 7.9 seeds when inoculated were sown earlier, spacings. Protein content 27.4 35.3%, fat 17.4–21.5%. study suggests that regular could be maintained organically managed locations present distributional region, but its development, productivity, production quality depends practices.